Al2O3-SiO2气凝胶耐高温性能研究进展

胡心雨; 张瑜; 吴永鹏; 丁星星; 林禹; 贺斌; 崔阳文; 王征辉

doi:10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.02.015

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装备环境工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (2) : 130-139. DOI: 10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.02.015

重大工程装备

Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶耐高温性能研究进展

胡心雨¹, 张瑜¹, 吴永鹏^1,2, 丁星星^1,2,*, 林禹^1,2, 贺斌^1,2, 崔阳文^1,2, 王征辉²

作者信息 +

Research Progress on High-temperature Resistance of Al₂O₃-SiO₂ Aerogels

HU Xinyu¹, ZHANG Yu¹, WU Yongpeng^1,2, DING Xingxing^1,2,*, LIN Yu^1,2, HE Bin^1,2, CUI Yangwen^1,2, WANG Zhenghui²

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

概述了Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶耐高温性能研究进展,为Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶的高温性能提升提供研究思路。基于溶胶-凝胶工艺方法,介绍了溶胶、凝胶、老化、干燥等工艺过程对Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶其复合材料性能的影响。通过加强过渡金属、稀土元素、耐高温粒子、分散纤维、纤维预制体与Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶之间的适配性,提出了Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶的耐高温性能提升方法。通过引入锆、钛、钇、碳化硅（SiC）、碳纳米管（CNTs）等粒子,有效改善了Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶孔隙结构与微观形态,抑制高温相变或收缩,增强了Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶高温隔热性能。通过分散纤维、纤维预制体增强方法,同步提升了Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶的力学性能和高温隔热性能,获得了综合性能优异的纤维增强Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶复合材料。针对Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶高温应用场景有限等问题,进一步明确了提升硅铝气凝胶耐高温性能的核心路径。

Abstract

This article introduces the research progress on the high-temperature resistance of Al₂O₃-SiO₂ aerogels to provide research ideas for improving the high-temperature performance of Al₂O₃-SiO₂ aerogels. Based on the sol-gel methods, the effects of sol, gel, aging, and drying processes on the properties of Al₂O₃-SiO₂ aerogel composites are introduced. Methods for improving the high-temperature performance of Al₂O₃-SiO₂ aerogels are proposed by enhancing the compatibility among transition metals, rare earth elements, high-temperature resistant particles, dispersed fibers, fiber preforms and Al₂O₃-SiO₂ aerogels. By introducing particles such as zirconium, titanium, yttrium, silicon carbide (SiC), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), the pore structure and microstructure of Al₂O₃-SiO₂ aerogels are effectively improved, high-temperature phase changes or shrinkage are suppressed, and the high-temperature thermal insulation performance of Al₂O₃-SiO₂aerogels is enhanced. The mechanical properties and high-temperature thermal insulation performance of Al₂O₃-SiO₂ aerogels are simultaneously improved by using dispersed fibers and fiber preform reinforcement methods, resulting in fiber-reinforced Al₂O₃-SiO₂ aerogel composites with excellent overall performance. In response to issues such as the limited high-temperature application scenarios of Al₂O₃-SiO₂ aerogels, the core path to improving the high-temperature performance of silica-alumina aerogels is further clarified.

导出引用

胡心雨, 张瑜, 吴永鹏, 丁星星, 林禹, 贺斌, 崔阳文, 王征辉. Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶耐高温性能研究进展[J]. 装备环境工程. 2026, 23(2): 130-139 https://doi.org/10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.02.015

HU Xinyu, ZHANG Yu, WU Yongpeng, DING Xingxing, LIN Yu, HE Bin, CUI Yangwen, WANG Zhenghui. Research Progress on High-temperature Resistance of Al₂O₃-SiO₂ Aerogels[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering. 2026, 23(2): 130-139 https://doi.org/10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.02.015

中图分类号： TB332

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